Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: Introduction to System Administration
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Index

Symbols

/etc/cups/, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

/etc/fstab file

mounting file systems with, Mounting File Systems Automatically with /etc/fstab

updating, Updating /etc/fstab

/etc/group file

group, role in, /etc/group

user account, role in, /etc/group

/etc/gshadow file

group, role in, /etc/gshadow

user account, role in, /etc/gshadow

/etc/mtab file, Viewing /etc/mtab

/etc/passwd file

group, role in, /etc/passwd

user account, role in, /etc/passwd

/etc/printcap, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

/etc/shadow file

group, role in, /etc/shadow

user account, role in, /etc/shadow

/proc/mdstat file, Checking Array Status With /proc/mdstat

/proc/mounts file, Viewing /proc/mounts

A

abuse, resource, What Barriers Are in Place To Prevent Abuse of Resources

account

see user account

activating your subscription, Activate Your Subscription

ATA disk drive

adding, Adding ATA Disk Drives

automation, Automation

overview of, Automate Everything

B

backups

AMANDA backup software, The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver (AMANDA)

building software, Backup Software: Buy Versus Build

buying software, Backup Software: Buy Versus Build

data-related issues surrounding, Different Data: Different Backup Needs

introduction to, Backups

media types, Backup Media

disk, Disk
network, Network
tape, Tape

restoration issues, Restoration Issues

bare metal restorations, Restoring From Bare Metal
testing restoration, Testing Backups

schedule, modifying, Modifying the Backup Schedule

storage of, Storage of Backups

technologies used, Backup Technologies

cpio, cpio
dump, dump/restore: Not Recommended for Mounted File Systems!
tar, tar

types of, Types of Backups

differential backups, Differential Backups
full backups, Full Backups
incremental backups, Incremental Backups

bandwidth-related resources

see resources, system, bandwidth

bash shell, automation and, Automation

business, knowledge of, Know Your Business

C

cache memory, Cache Memory

capacity planning, Monitoring System Capacity

CD-ROM

file system

see ISO 9660 file system

centralized home directory, Home Directories

chage command, User Account and Group Applications

change control, Change Control

chfn command, User Account and Group Applications

chgrp command, File Permission Applications

chmod command, File Permission Applications

chown command, File Permission Applications

chpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications

color laser printers, Color Laser Printers

communication

necessity of, Communicate as Much as Possible

Red Hat Enterprise Linux-specific information, Documentation and Communication

conventions

document, Document Conventions

CPU power

see resources, system, processing power

CUPS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

D

daisy-wheel printers

see impact printers

data

shared access to, Who Can Access Shared Data, Where Users Access Shared Data

global ownership issues, Global Ownership Issues

device

alternative to device names, Alternatives to Device File Names

device names, alternatives to, Alternatives to Device File Names

devlabel, naming with, Using devlabel

file names, Device Files

file system labels, File System Labels

labels, file system, File System Labels

naming convention, Device Naming Conventions

naming with devlabel, Using devlabel

partition, Partition

type, Device Type

unit, Unit

whole-device access, Whole-Device Access

devlabel, Using devlabel

df command, Issuing the df Command

disaster planning, Planning for Disaster

power, backup, Backup Power

generator, Providing Power For the Next Few Hours (and Beyond)
motor-generator set, Providing Power For the Next Few Seconds
outages, extended, Planning for Extended Outages
UPS, Providing Power For the Next Few Minutes

types of disasters, Types of Disasters

air conditioning, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
application failures, Application Failures
building integrity, Building Integrity
electrical, Electricity
electricity, quality of, Power Quality
electricity, security of, The Security of Your Power
environmental failures, Environmental Failures
hardware failures, Hardware Failures
heating, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
human errors, Human Errors
HVAC, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
improper repairs, Improperly-Repaired Hardware
improperly-used applications, Improper Use of Applications
maintenance-related errors, Mistakes Made During Maintenance
misconfiguration errors, Misconfiguration Errors
mistakes during procedures, Mistakes Made During Procedures
operating system crashes, Crashes
operating system failures, Operating System Failures
operating system hangs, Hangs
operator errors, Operations Personnel Errors
procedural errors, Failure to Follow Procedures
service technician errors, Service Technician Errors
software failures, Software Failures
system administrator errors, System Administrator Errors
user errors, End-User Errors
ventilation, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
weather-related, Weather and the Outside World

disaster recovery

backup site, Backup Sites: Cold, Warm, and Hot

network connectivity to, Network Connectivity to the Backup Site
staffing of, Backup Site Staffing

backups, availability of, Availability of Backups

end of, Moving Back Toward Normalcy

hardware availability, Hardware and Software Availability

introduction to, Disaster Recovery

plan, creating, testing, implementing, Creating, Testing, and Implementing a Disaster Recovery Plan

software availability, Hardware and Software Availability

disk drives, Hard Drives

disk quotas

enabling, Enabling Disk Quotas

introduction to, Implementing Disk Quotas

management of, Managing Disk Quotas

overview of, Some Background on Disk Quotas

block usage tracking, Tracks Disk Block Usage
file-system specific, Per-File-System Implementation
grace period, Grace Periods
group specific, Per-Group Space Accounting
hard limits, Hard Limits
inode usage tracking, Tracks Disk Inode Usage
soft limits, Soft Limits
user specific, Per-User Space Accounting

disk space

see storage

documentation

Red Hat Enterprise Linux-specific information, Documentation and Communication

documentation, necessity of, Document Everything

dot-matrix printers

see impact printers

E

engineering, social, The Risks of Social Engineering
execute permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
EXT2 file system, EXT2
EXT3 file system, EXT3

F

file names

device, Device Files

file system

labels, File System Labels

free command, free, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

G

GID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

gnome-system-monitor command, The GNOME System Monitor — A Graphical top

gpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications

group

files controlling, Files Controlling User Accounts and Groups

/etc/group, /etc/group
/etc/gshadow, /etc/gshadow
/etc/passwd, /etc/passwd
/etc/shadow, /etc/shadow

GID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

management of, Managing User Accounts and Resource Access

permissions related to, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

execute, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
read, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
setgid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
setuid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
sticky bit, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
write, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

shared data access using, Shared Groups and Data

structure, determining, Determining Group Structure

system GIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

system UIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

tools for managing, User Account and Group Applications

gpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications
groupadd command, User Account and Group Applications
groupdel command, User Account and Group Applications
groupmod command, User Account and Group Applications
grpck command, User Account and Group Applications

UID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

group ID

see GID

groupadd command, User Account and Group Applications

groupdel command, User Account and Group Applications

groupmod command, User Account and Group Applications

grpck command, User Account and Group Applications

H

hard drives, Hard Drives

hardware

failures of, Hardware Failures

service contracts, Service Contracts

availability of parts, Parts Availability
budget for, Available Budget
coverage hours, Hours of Coverage
depot service, Depot Service
drop-off service, Depot Service
hardware covered, Hardware to be Covered
on-site technician, Zero Response Time — Having an On-Site Technician
response time, Response Time
walk-in service, Depot Service

skills necessary to repair, Having the Skills

spares

keeping, Keeping Spare Hardware
stock, quantities, How Much to Stock?
stock, selection of, What to Stock?
swapping hardware, Spares That Are Not Spares

home directory

centralized, Home Directories

I

IDE interface

overview of, IDE/ATA

impact printers, Impact Printers

consumables, Impact Printer Consumables

daisy-wheel, Impact Printers

dot-matrix, Impact Printers

line, Impact Printers

inkjet printers, Inkjet Printers

consumables, Inkjet Consumables

intrusion detection systems, Security

iostat command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools, Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

ISO 9660 file system, ISO 9660

L

laser printers, Laser Printers

color, Color Laser Printers

consumables, Laser Printer Consumables

line printers

see impact printers

logical volume management

see LVM

lpd, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

LVM

contrasted with RAID, With LVM, Why Use RAID?

data migration, Data Migration

logical volume resizing, Logical Volume Resizing

migration, data, Data Migration

overview of, Logical Volume Management

resizing, logical volume, Logical Volume Resizing

storage grouping, Physical Storage Grouping

M

managing

printers, Printers and Printing

memory

monitoring of, Monitoring Memory

resource utilization of, Physical and Virtual Memory

virtual memory, Basic Virtual Memory Concepts

backing store, Backing Store — the Central Tenet of Virtual Memory
overview of, Virtual Memory in Simple Terms
page faults, Page Faults
performance of, Virtual Memory Performance Implications
performance, best case, Best Case Performance Scenario
performance, worst case, Worst Case Performance Scenario
swapping, Swapping
virtual address space, Virtual Memory: The Details
working set, The Working Set

monitoring

resources, Resource Monitoring

system performance, System Performance Monitoring

monitoring statistics

bandwidth-related, Monitoring Bandwidth

CPU-related, Monitoring CPU Power

memory-related, Monitoring Memory

selection of, What to Monitor?

storage-related, Monitoring Storage

mount points

see storage, file system, mount point

mounting file systems

see storage, file system, mounting

mpstat command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

MSDOS file system, MSDOS

N

NFS, NFS

O

OProfile, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information, OProfile

P

page description languages (PDL), Printer Languages and Technologies

Interpress, Printer Languages and Technologies

PCL, Printer Languages and Technologies

PostScript, Printer Languages and Technologies

page faults, Page Faults

PAM, Security

partition, Partition

attributes of, Partition Attributes

geometry, Geometry
type, Partition Type
type field, Partition Type Field

creation of, Partitioning, Partitioning

extended, Extended Partitions

logical, Logical Partitions

overview of, Partitions/Slices

primary, Primary Partitions

passwd command, User Account and Group Applications

password, Passwords

aging, Password Aging

big character set used in, Expanded Character Set

longer, Longer Passwords

memorable, Memorable

personal info used in, Personal Information

repeatedly used, The Same Password for Multiple Systems

shortness of, Short Passwords

small character set used in, Limited Character Set

strong, Strong Passwords

weak, Weak Passwords

word tricks used in, Simple Word Tricks

words used in, Recognizable Words

written, Passwords on Paper

perl, automation and, Automation

permissions, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

tools for managing

chgrp command, File Permission Applications
chmod command, File Permission Applications
chown command, File Permission Applications

philosophy of system administration, The Philosophy of System Administration

physical memory

see memory

planning, importance of, Plan Ahead

Pluggable Authentication Modules

see PAM

printconf

see printer configuration

printer configuration, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

CUPS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

text-based application, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

Printer Configuration Tool

see printer configuration

printers

additional resources, Additional Resources

color, Inkjet Printers

CMYK, Inkjet Printers
inkjet, Inkjet Printers
laser, Color Laser Printers

considerations, Printing Considerations

duplex, Function

languages

see page description languages (PDL)

local, Networked Versus Local Printers

managing, Printers and Printing

networked, Networked Versus Local Printers

types, Types of Printers

color laser, Color Laser Printers
daisy-wheel, Impact Printers
dot-matrix, Impact Printers
dye-sublimation, Other Printer Types
impact, Impact Printers
inkjet, Inkjet Printers
laser, Laser Printers
line, Impact Printers
solid ink, Other Printer Types
thermal wax, Other Printer Types

printtool

see printer configuration

processing power, resources related to

see resources, system, processing power

Q

quota, disk

see disk quotas

R

RAID

arrays

management of, Day to Day Management of RAID Arrays
raidhotadd command, use of, Rebuilding a RAID array with raidhotadd
rebuilding, Rebuilding a RAID array with raidhotadd
status, checking, Checking Array Status With /proc/mdstat

arrays, creating, Creating RAID Arrays

after installation time, After Red Hat Enterprise Linux Has Been Installed
at installation time, While Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux

contrasted with LVM, With LVM, Why Use RAID?

creating arrays

see RAID, arrays, creating

implementations of, RAID Implementations

hardware RAID, Hardware RAID
software RAID, Software RAID

introduction to, RAID-Based Storage

levels of, RAID Levels

nested RAID, Nested RAID Levels
RAID 0, RAID 0
RAID 0, advantages of, RAID 0
RAID 0, disadvantages of, RAID 0
RAID 1, RAID 1
RAID 1, advantages of, RAID 1
RAID 1, disadvantages of, RAID 1
RAID 5, RAID 5
RAID 5, advantages of, RAID 5
RAID 5, disadvantages of, RAID 5

nested RAID, Nested RAID Levels

overview of, Basic Concepts

raidhotadd command, use of, Rebuilding a RAID array with raidhotadd

RAM, Main Memory — RAM

read permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

recursion

see recursion

Red Hat Enterprise Linux-specific information

automation, Automation

backup technologies

AMANDA, The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver (AMANDA)
cpio, cpio
dump, dump/restore: Not Recommended for Mounted File Systems!
tar, tar

backups technologies

overview of, Backup Technologies

bash shell, Automation

communication, Documentation and Communication

disaster recovery, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

documentation, Documentation and Communication

intrusion detection systems, Security

PAM, Security

perl, Automation

resource monitoring

bandwidth, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information
CPU power, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information
memory, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

resource monitoring tools, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

free, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information
iostat, Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
OProfile, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information
sar, Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information
Sysstat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information
top, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information, Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
vmstat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information, Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

RPM, Security

security, Security

shell scripts, Automation

software support, Software Support

support, software, Software Support

registering your subscription, Activate Your Subscription

resource abuse, What Barriers Are in Place To Prevent Abuse of Resources

resource monitoring, Resource Monitoring

bandwidth, Monitoring Bandwidth

capacity planning, Monitoring System Capacity

concepts behind, Basic Concepts

CPU power, Monitoring CPU Power

memory, Monitoring Memory

storage, Monitoring Storage

system capacity, Monitoring System Capacity

system performance, System Performance Monitoring

tools

free, free
GNOME System Monitor, The GNOME System Monitor — A Graphical top
iostat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
mpstat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
OProfile, OProfile
sa1, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sa2, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sadc, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sar, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools, The sar command
Sysstat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
top, top
vmstat, vmstat

tools used, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

what to monitor, What to Monitor?

resources, importance of, Know Your Resources

resources, system

bandwidth, Bandwidth and Processing Power

buses role in, Buses
buses, examples of, Examples of Buses
capacity, increasing, Increase the Capacity
datapaths, examples of, Examples of Datapaths
datapaths, role in, Datapaths
load, reducing, Reduce the Load
load, spreading, Spread the Load
monitoring of, Monitoring Bandwidth
overview of, Bandwidth
problems related to, Potential Bandwidth-Related Problems
solutions to problems with, Potential Bandwidth-Related Solutions

memory

see memory

processing power, Bandwidth and Processing Power

application overhead, reducing, Reducing Application Overhead
application use of, Applications
applications, eliminating, Eliminating Applications Entirely
capacity, increasing, Increasing the Capacity
consumers of, Consumers of Processing Power
CPU, upgrading, Upgrading the CPU
facts related to, Facts About Processing Power
load, reducing, Reducing the Load
monitoring of, Monitoring CPU Power
O/S overhead, reducing, Reducing Operating System Overhead
operating system use of, The Operating System
overview of, Processing Power
shortage of, improving, Improving a CPU Shortage
SMP, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You?
symmetric multiprocessing, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You?
upgrading, Upgrading the CPU

storage

see storage

RPM, Security

RPM Package Manager

see RPM

S

sa1 command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

sa2 command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

sadc command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

sar command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools, The sar command, Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

reports, reading, Reading sar Reports

SCSI disk drive

adding, Adding SCSI Disk Drives

SCSI interface

overview of, SCSI

security

importance of, Security Cannot be an Afterthought

Red Hat Enterprise Linux-specific information, Security

setgid permission, Security, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

setuid permission, Security, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

shell scripts, Automation

SMB, SMB

SMP, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You?

social engineering, risks of, The Risks of Social Engineering

software

support for

documentation, Documentation
email support, Web or Email Support
on-site support, On-Site Support
overview, Getting Help — Software Support
self support, Self Support
telephone support, Telephone Support
Web support, Web or Email Support

sticky bit permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

storage

adding, Adding Storage, Adding Storage

/etc/fstab, updating, Updating /etc/fstab
ATA disk drive, Adding ATA Disk Drives
backup schedule, modifying, Modifying the Backup Schedule
configuration, updating, Updating System Configuration
formatting, Formatting the Partition(s), Formatting the Partition(s)
hardware, installing, Installing the Hardware
partitioning, Partitioning, Partitioning
SCSI disk drive, Adding SCSI Disk Drives

deploying, Making the Storage Usable

disk quotas, Disk Quota Issues

see disk quotas

file system, File Systems, File System Basics

/etc/mtab file, Viewing /etc/mtab
/proc/mounts file, Viewing /proc/mounts
access control, Access Control
access times, Tracking of File Creation, Access, Modification Times
accounting, space, Accounting of Space Utilized
creation times, Tracking of File Creation, Access, Modification Times
df command, using, Issuing the df Command
directories, Hierarchical Directory Structure
display of mounted, Seeing What is Mounted
enabling access to, Enabling Storage Access
EXT2, EXT2
EXT3, EXT3
file-based, File-Based Storage
hierarchical directory, Hierarchical Directory Structure
ISO 9660, ISO 9660
modification times, Tracking of File Creation, Access, Modification Times
mount point, Mount Points
mounting, Mounting File Systems
mounting with /etc/fstab file, Mounting File Systems Automatically with /etc/fstab
MSDOS, MSDOS
space accounting, Accounting of Space Utilized
structure, directory, Directory Structure
VFAT, VFAT

file-related issues, File-Related Issues

file access, File Access
file sharing, File Sharing

management of, Managing Storage, Storage Management Day-to-Day

application usage, Excessive Usage by an Application
excessive use of, Excessive Usage by a User
free space monitoring, Monitoring Free Space
growth, normal, Normal Growth in Usage
user issues, Handling a User's Excessive Usage

mass-storage devices

access arm movement, Access Arm Movement
access arms, Access Arms
addressing concepts, Storage Addressing Concepts
addressing, block-based, Block-Based Addressing
addressing, geometry-based, Geometry-Based Addressing
block-based addressing, Block-Based Addressing
command processing, Command Processing Time
cylinder, Cylinder
disk platters, Disk Platters
electrical limitations of, Mechanical/Electrical Limitations
geometry, problems with, Problems with Geometry-Based Addressing
geometry-based addressing, Geometry-Based Addressing
head, Head
heads, Data reading/writing device
heads reading, Heads Reading/Writing Data
heads writing, Heads Reading/Writing Data
I/O loads, performance, I/O Loads and Performance
I/O loads, reads, Reads Versus Writes
I/O loads, writes, Reads Versus Writes
I/O locality, Locality of Reads/Writes
IDE interface, IDE/ATA
industry-standard interfaces, Present-Day Industry-Standard Interfaces
interfaces for, Mass Storage Device Interfaces
interfaces, historical, Historical Background
interfaces, industry-standard, Present-Day Industry-Standard Interfaces
latency, rotational, Rotational Latency
mechanical limitations of, Mechanical/Electrical Limitations
movement, access arm, Access Arm Movement
overview of, An Overview of Storage Hardware
performance of, Hard Drive Performance Characteristics
platters, disk, Disk Platters
processing, command, Command Processing Time
readers versus writers, Multiple Readers/Writers
rotational latency, Rotational Latency
SCSI interface, SCSI
sector, Sector

monitoring of, Monitoring Storage

network-accessible, Network-Accessible Storage, Network-Accessible Storage Under Red Hat Enterprise Linux

NFS, NFS
SMB, SMB

partition

attributes of, Partition Attributes
extended, Extended Partitions
geometry of, Geometry
logical, Logical Partitions
overview of, Partitions/Slices
primary, Primary Partitions
type field, Partition Type Field
type of, Partition Type

patterns of access, Storage Access Patterns

RAID-based

see RAID

removing, Removing Storage, Removing Storage

/etc/fstab, removing from, Remove the Disk Drive's Partitions From /etc/fstab
data, removing, Moving Data Off the Disk Drive
erasing contents, Erase the Contents of the Disk Drive, Erase the Contents of the Disk Drive
umount command, use of, Terminating Access With umount

technologies, The Storage Spectrum

backup storage, Off-Line Backup Storage
cache memory, Cache Memory
CPU registers, CPU Registers
disk drive, Hard Drives
hard drive, Hard Drives
L1 cache, Cache Levels
L2 cache, Cache Levels
main memory, Main Memory — RAM
off-line storage, Off-Line Backup Storage
RAM, Main Memory — RAM

technologies, advanced, Advanced Storage Technologies

subscription registration, Activate Your Subscription

swapping, Swapping

symmetric multiprocessing, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You?

Sysstat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

system administration

philosophy of, The Philosophy of System Administration

automation, Automate Everything
business, Know Your Business
communication, Communicate as Much as Possible
documentation, Document Everything
planning, Plan Ahead
resources, Know Your Resources
security, Security Cannot be an Afterthought
social engineering, risks of, The Risks of Social Engineering
unexpected occurrences, Expect the Unexpected
users, Know Your Users

system performance monitoring, System Performance Monitoring

system resources

see resources, system

system-config-printer

see printer configuration

T

tools

groups, managing

see group, tools for managing

resource monitoring, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

free, free
GNOME System Monitor, The GNOME System Monitor — A Graphical top
iostat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
mpstat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
OProfile, OProfile
sa1, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sa2, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sadc, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sar, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools, The sar command
Sysstat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
top, top
vmstat, vmstat

user accounts, managing

see user account, tools for managing

top command, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information, top, Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

U

UID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

unexpected, preparation for, Expect the Unexpected

user account

access control, Access Control Information

files controlling, Files Controlling User Accounts and Groups

/etc/group, /etc/group
/etc/gshadow, /etc/gshadow
/etc/passwd, /etc/passwd
/etc/shadow, /etc/shadow

GID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

home directory

centralized, Home Directories

management of, Managing User Accounts and Resource Access, Managing User Accounts, Managing Accounts and Resource Access Day-to-Day

job changes, Job Changes
new hires, New Hires
terminations, Terminations

password, Passwords

aging, Password Aging
big character set used in, Expanded Character Set
longer, Longer Passwords
memorable, Memorable
personal information used in, Personal Information
repeatedly used, The Same Password for Multiple Systems
shortness of, Short Passwords
small character set used in, Limited Character Set
strong, Strong Passwords
weak, Weak Passwords
word tricks used in, Simple Word Tricks
words used in, Recognizable Words
written, Passwords on Paper

permissions related to, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

execute, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
read, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
setgid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
setuid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
sticky bit, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
write, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

resources, management of, Managing User Resources

shared data access, Who Can Access Shared Data

system GIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

system UIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

tools for managing, User Account and Group Applications

chage command, User Account and Group Applications
chfn command, User Account and Group Applications
chpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications
passwd command, User Account and Group Applications
useradd command, User Account and Group Applications
userdel command, User Account and Group Applications
usermod command, User Account and Group Applications

UID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

username, The Username

changes to, Dealing with Name Changes
collisions in naming, Dealing with Collisions
naming convention, Naming Conventions

user ID

see UID

useradd command, User Account and Group Applications

userdel command, User Account and Group Applications

usermod command, User Account and Group Applications

username, The Username

changing, Dealing with Name Changes

collisions between, Dealing with Collisions

naming convention, Naming Conventions

users

importance of, Know Your Users

V

VFAT file system, VFAT

virtual address space, Virtual Memory: The Details

virtual memory

see memory

vmstat command, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information, vmstat, Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information

W

watch command, free
working set, The Working Set
write permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions